David Bar-Tzur
Flag: World flag database.
Map: Maps.com - "search" for country, then "Digital Map Graphics").
For a quick, interesting resource for facts about this and other countries,
try Mystic Planet - The New Age directory of Planet Earth.
Note: A flag next to a link shows what language the website is in. If it is followed by this icon: (
), it is a video in that spoken language. A flag followed by 
means it is in the sign language of that country. 
means there is International Gesture.
International Bibliography of Sign Language - Nicaragua.
DeafTODAY. (2003, July 31). Nicaraguan missionaries to speak at Mahtowa church. Matt Barlow is deaf and, with signing and his wife as interpreter, their goal is to bring educational opportunities to deaf Nicaraguan children by establishing schools for them.
Disabled children in Nicaragua remain at home, uneducated, to do household chores. The Barlows strive to change that by teaching deaf children life skills for future success.
Shettle, A. (2004, Spring). Deaf Children with Additional Disabilities in Developing Countries, Nicaragua.
Monaghan, L, Nakamura, K., Schmaling, C. & Turner, G. H. (Eds.) (May 2003). Many ways to be Deaf: International variation in Deaf communities. Twenty-four international scholars have contributed their findings from studying Deaf communities in Japan, Thailand, Viet Nam, Taiwan, Russia, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Great Britain, Ireland, Nigeria, South Africa, Brazil, Nicaragua, and the United States. Sixteen chapters consider the various antecedents of each country's native signed language, taking into account the historical background for their development and also the effects of foreign influences and changes in philosophies by the larger, dominant hearing societies. ISBN 1-56368-135-8
60 Minutes. Birth of a language.
Coppola, M (2005). Las semillas del idioma: Sistemas de señas caseras de niños y adultos en Nicaragua.
DeafTODAY.
(2004, September 30).
Deaf school phenomenon points to innate language origins. In 1977, a school for the deaf opened in Managua, and 50 students enrolled; by 1981 there were 200 students, all able to chat using sign language. What's remarkable about the story is that no one taught them to sign. The first students simply started gesturing among themselves, and the system developed into what is now a true language, with grammar and rules of its own.
(2004, September 16). Children Create Language's Fundamentals Through Learning. At a school in Managua, Nicaragua, deaf children are speaking a language entirely their own that has evolved at a lightning-fast pace in the last 35 years. This sign language nevertheless has remarkable similarities to the world's other tongues.
(2003, September 16). The birth of a language. A group of deaf Nicaraguan children who have created their own way of signing are giving linguists a precious glimpse of a language in its infancy. The kids are revealing how our brains are wired for learning language.
(2003, September 16). Childhood learning may determine linguistic rules. The way children learn may determine the building blocks of language, suggests a study of deaf Nicaraguan children. Ann Senghas of New York's Columbia University, US, and coll
Evolution: Library: Birth of a Language. When and how did human beings begin communicating with one another? This segment from Evolution: "The Mind's Big Bang," explores the emergence of language. In the 1980s, deaf Nicaraguan children brought together in Managua generated a new sign language, complete with syntax. For the first time in history, scholars witnessed the birth of a language, suggesting a linguistic "bioprogram." Featured participants: Maria Noname and Judy Kegl.
Fox, M. (17 September 2004). Deaf kids in Nicaragua give birth to new language.
Gangel-Vasquez, J. (April-May 1998). Literacy In Nicaraguan Sign Language.
& Sutton, V. (13-14 April 1998). Gallaudet University Press news. (1999, December 15). "If children grew up isolated on a desert island, would they develop a bona fide language?" In Nicaragua, some researchers say yes; some say no.
Glovin, B. (1998, March). Talking hands: A New Jersey couple brings the gift of language to hearing-impaired Nicaraguans.
International bibliography of sign language - Nicaraguan Sign Language.
Monaghan, L, Nakamura, K., Schmaling, C. & Turner, G. H. (Eds.) (May 2003). Many ways to be Deaf: International variation in Deaf communities. Twenty-four international scholars have contributed their findings from studying Deaf communities in Japan, Thailand, Viet Nam, Taiwan, Russia, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Great Britain, Ireland, Nigeria, South Africa, Brazil, Nicaragua, and the United States. Sixteen chapters consider the various antecedents of each country's native signed language, taking into account the historical background for their development and also the effects of foreign influences and changes in philosophies by the larger, dominant hearing societies. ISBN 1-56368-135-8
Nicaraguan Sign Language: A language of Nicaragua.
Nicaraguan Sign Language Projects, Inc.
Osborne, L. (24 October 1999). A linguistic big bang: For the first time in history, scholars are witnessing the birth of a language, a complex sign system being created by deaf children in Nicaragua. NY Times.
PBS. Evolution: Library: Birth of a language. This segment from Evolution: "The Mind's Big Bang," explores the emergence of language. In the 1980s, deaf Nicaraguan children brought together in Managua generated a new sign language, complete with syntax. For the first time in history, scholars witnessed the birth of a language, suggesting a linguistic "bioprogram." Featured participants: Maria Noname and Judy Kegl. Video to view in: QuickTime or RealPlayer. Length: 4 min, 57 sec.
Senghas, A. Children's contribution to the birth of Nicaraguan Sign Language. The present study examines children's ability to create grammatical structure. A new language has emerged in the hands of a generation of deaf children in Nicaragua. This study examines some of the specific constructions that have emerged in this new signed language in order to determine whether the language is indeed changing over time, and whether the changes in the language originate in older or younger signers.
Shepard-Kegl, J. If you give a mouse a cookie.
Fingerspelling keyboard, Nicaragua.
International bibliography of sign language - Nicaraguan Sign Language dictionary.
SignPuddle. Diccionario Nicaragua.
World Federation of the Deaf membership information: Asociación Nacional de Sordos de Nicaragua (ANSIC). Contact info only. Click on "N-R" and scroll down to the country name.
